Surveying apparatus.



M. W. TEBYRICA.

SURVEYING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED Fmt. 1910.

969,732. Patented sept. 6,1910.

I l 3 muws-SHEET 1.

ATTORNEYS M. W. TEBYRICA.

SURVBYING APPARATUS.

APPLIUATION FILED M2115, 1910.

Patented Sept. 6, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

` l Afro/mns M. W. TEBYRIA. SURVBYING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED I'EB.5, 1910.

Patented Sept. 6, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WIT/VESSES:

ATTORNEYS Vit) .ill

mirri?. s'rnpnsrngriijuir oFFioE.

MARIO W. TEB'YRIQA, 0F so PAULO, BRAZIL, 'ASSIGNOR oF ONE-HALF To JOSE P. TEBYRicA, oF so PAULO, BRAZIL.

SURVEYING APARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. atentcd Sept. 6, 1910.

Application tiled February 5, 1910. Serial No. 542,212.

To all 'who/n. 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, MARIO XV. TEBYRIQ, a citizen Ot' the .Republic of Brazil, and a resident o't Sao Paulo, Brazil, have invented a new and Improved Surveying Apparatus, of which the following` is a full, clear, and exact description.

'This invention relates to a. new and improved method ot surveying, to determine tion with suitable instruments capable ot" measuring horizontal and vertical angles.

A further object of this invention is to provide ay suspended sight device, designatetl as a ballometer, which will be simile in construction, strong, durable, which Iwill expose' the inininuiin amount of surface to the wind, and `which will have the maximum amount ot stability.

lhcse and further objects of the method and the apparatus for carrying out `the saine. will be more fully described hereinafter and particularly set forth in the elaims.

lteterenee is to be hail to the accompanying drawings forming a part. ot' this specification, in which similar characters ot reference indirate corresponding parts in all the riews, and in which 4 Figure l is a perspective view illustrating ,one oi the deviees, which may be termed ballometers, which are used tor providing` sight" points; Fig. 2 is a lop plan view ot the same; Fig. il is a top plan view of anotherl t'orm ol ballometei'; `Fig. Vfl is a perspective view oll the Vl'orm illustrated in Fig. :i: Fig. illustrates a simplt` method oll determining the altitude ot' a given point with rel'erent'e to the lower sight point on a laillonuter, whieh has been termed reference point, as will be seen hereinafter; also the horizontal distance between the two points, and particularly where the given point lies below the reference point. Fig. t rtairesentsl the l,nuitluid ot olitaining the altitude ot a given point, in relation to the retort-nre point on a ballometer. as well as the horizontal distance between said points, when the given point lies above the reference point. Fig. 7 illustrates the method of determining the altitude and the horizontal distance of a given point'. with respeet to a reference point on the ballometer, when the horizontal line of sight through the center of the instrument lies between the reference point and the other sight point; Fig. 8 represents the method ot determining the ditilerence in altitude between two points when a single ballometer can be seen from both points. Fig. t) illustrates the method ot' deteriniiiing the ditl'erencc in altitude between two points, when the topography of a country is such that a single ballometer cannot be seen from both points; Fig. l0 illustrates the mcthodof determining the position of all points within reach. by use of balloineters; Fig. .l1 illustrates graphically the simple method of tying the positions to a plunality of balloineters; and Fig. 12 illustrates another method ot tying the positions ola plurality of balltnneters.

Referring moi'e particularly to the specific illustration ol the inv elution, l indicates one or more larlloineters ,ol ay form to bc described, with which are used one or more suitable surveying insti-uinents 2, such as theodolites, taohoineters, or the like. The balloineters l consist. o't' a balloon 3, of sueh a nature that `it will tloat by its buoyancy in the air. This balloon 3 may be of any suitable torni, but is preferably ot such a form that it. will otler the least resistance to the wind, and will tend to always remain in the same position on its vertieal axis. Two t'ornis ol. balloons are 'hown in ltigs. l to Ll. ',lhe one disclosed in Figs. 1 and 2 illustrates a conical-shaped balloon with the apex ot the balloon extending downwardly, and ltigs. il and t illustrate a. balloon in the torni ol' a triangular pyramid, with the apex vot the pyramid extending downu'ardly. ln

any ease, the balloon is held in a predetermined position by meansI ol lone or more gu)Y lines l,.seeured, in tlu` ease ot" the eenyleal balloon, to the outer periphery o'l' the base, and in the ease ot' the pyrai'nidal balloon, to the ooi-ners o'l' the base. 'lhe mlmbei' ol guy lines flis preferably three, so that. the point where the)Y join `the balloon will determine a plane whit-h will preferably extend in a horizontal plane and coincide with the plane ot the base ot the balloon. "l`helm vthat it may be accuratelylocated in a ver' tical line. The sight member T is provided* with a plurality of sight points 8, t) and 10,*

the lower oneof which is preferably made somewhat heavy, so as to give the'necessary steadiness to the sight member. These sight points are preferably spherical in form, and may be of different colors, such as black and white, and may also be inthe nature of illuminated sights, so that the surveying may be carried on by night if desired. The purpose of making the sight points spherical is so that when a sight. is taken from any point, the sight planes passing through the cross-wires of the instrument and bisecting the spheres will invariably pass through their centers.

These ba-llometers are distributed .at their various points atpredetermined positions, according to the surveying operations to be carrizd out. This system of surveying, whicn may be designated as ballometry, will be described hereinafter yanilfoillustrated by various examples.

Ballometry requires the use of Aone or more ballometers and any convenient number of theodolites, taehometers, or other instruments designated for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. lt is necessary that the telescope in the, instrument should have a level connected thereto. v

ln` a ballonietric survey. whether or not accuracy is desired, it is not absolutely neeessary to have more than two sight points.

' In the examples described hereinafter, the

hanging rod will tht-wefore be provided with but two sight points.

Ballo'metry may be defined as the method of. determining the positions of the principal or working points of a survey with reference to two or more points fixed in the, space. the relative positions of which are known. These. points may be caled reference points. The purpose of the ballometers is to fix in the air the previously i mentioned reference points, and inasmuch as it is immaterial whether the upper or lower sight. points of the ballometer itself be. chosen for its reference point, for the purpose of simplifying the description, I will designate the lower sight point as the ballonieters reference point. It is preferable that the distance be- .tween the sight points on each ballometer the reference point.

t'icularly to the separate parts used in a surveying;` operation be exactly the same,l for the purpose of simplifying the calculation. Specific examples of the balloinetric method of surveying will now be described.

Referring more particularly to Fig., 5,

there is there illustrated a method ofdeteny mining the altitude of a given point by comparison with a reference point on a ballometer, and also ,determining the horizontal distance of said given point from said refer;4

ence point where the givennpoint lies below .i

A represents the given point; B the refer.-

Referring more parof the figure,

ence point; C the center of the instrum`entf and D the upper sight point. By taking,

sights on the points B, D, and with the telef scope in a levelfpo'sition along the line C E, the angles D C B, B C E and D C E may be determined. vinasmuch as the distance D B is already known, the distance C E and the distance B E can be readily. determined by a simple geometrical or trigonometrical. calculation. The distance B E having been computed, the altitude of A can be readily determined with reference to B.

Fig. 6 illustrates the solution of the problem when the given point lies above the upper sight point on the ballometer. The solution is exactly similar to that 0f Fig. 5,- the points being merely inverted.l

Fig. 7 illustrates the sights taken in determining the altitude of a given point with 'respect to the reference vpoint on the ball0meter and its distance from the same, when the given point lies between the two sight points on the ballometer. As in the other figures, A represents the given point; C the center of the instrument; B the reference point, and D the other'sight point on the ballometer, and E the pointv where the horizontal.l line of sight from the center of the instrument intersects the c'enter line of the sight member. rl`he distances C E and B E representing the horizontal distance of the instrument with the reference point and the difference in altitude of the instrnment and the reference point, can again be readily determined by a simple geometrical or trigo nometrical calculation after the ang es D (l E, D C B, and B C E have been determined by taking sights through the surveying instrument.

In Fig. 8, the method of determining the diiferelnce in altitude, and their distance apart, of two points separated by the' c0n tour of the land, so as to be invisible from "Ihc difference of these two distances; that is` E E', will then represent the' difference in altitude between the given points A and A.4

liig. 9 illustrates the method ot determining the ditl'ereme in altitude betwecn two given poiutsabyv the use otE a plurality of ballometers and a plurality ot instruments, when the contour ot' the [and is such that a single ballometer could not be used,

In Fig. l0, a general surveying problem 's illustrated. The ballometers, two ot which are shown, are set up in convenient positions, ilesignated by the letters A and B. 'lhe instrument, which is preferably a tacbometer, is seti up at a convenient point (l, and the various horizontal t'tistanees C A and C B determined in the manner describet'l in Figs. o to 7. The horizontal angle A C B may then be determined by sighting at the rcspeetive hanging rods ot the ballometers A. and B. `This will enable the surveyor to compute thc side A B of the triangle C A B, thus'fixing the horizonal distance between the two ballometers. From the point (l. the surveyor can then determine by irradiation the positions otI all the points within the .reach of the tacbometer, the angles being read with reference to either vot the lines i A or C B. In like manner, the surveyor can select other working points, as D, E, etc., from ,whichV the minor details may be determined by the tachometer.

ln plotting the field work, the working lpoints are tixed on the paper by intersections of ares corresponding to the horizontal distanees from the .same to the ballometers. 'lo check the ballometric tield operation, all the triangles C A B, D A B, E A B, etc., having the common side A B, should be solved in order to nd out'whether any error has been made. Each individual solution of the separate triangles, with a view to compute the common side A B should give practically the same. result, unless an error ot' some kind has been made., This method ot checking tield work enables the immediate detection ot an error atA the point at which it has occurred, and such an error will not influence the rest ot the work.

In the case of geodetie or high surveying, ballometry does away with the expensive method of triangulation. In this case, the positions of the ballonieters may be advaneed as the survey progresses.

Figll represents a simple method ot tying the ballomcters together when ity is required toiremove the ballomet'crs from the position indicated in A, B to the positions A', B. The instrument is first set. at a point C, from vwhich the four positions of the ballometers can be seen. The surveyor will then-determine the position of the instrument with reference to theI points A and B after the manner described in connection with Fig. 10, with the aid of a sight point `l') located 'in the ground in the direction ot' either ot the ballomcters A. or B. The ballometers can then be removed to any convenient positions, such as A and B'. After the point C has been determined with reference to the new positions A and B ot' the ballometcrs, the angle D C B may be read, thus completing the necessary elements with which to tie the tourV positions ot' the ballomcters.

.-\nother method ot tying the positions of the ballometers is illustrated in ["ig. 1Q. llcre the initial positions ot' the ballometers are indicated by the letters A and B, and their subsequent position, by the letters A and B.

l t1 will be readily seen by taking two separate instrument points (l and C', and taking sights from these points as indicated by the' lines radiating therefrom to the lmllometric positions A, B, A and B", the points and B can be tied to the points A and B by the lines A Af, A. B', B .Y and B B. which may bc readily calculated in the manner described in connection with the previousl igures by simple geometrical or trigtulometrical cinnputations. p

While I have shown the hanging rod or sight member suspended from a balloon` it may be applied to any other aerial apparatus, or held in the air by any other means. such as tall chimneys, buildings. or tln` like.

thile several concrete examples ol' use ot'v the ballometel.l in surveying have been shown, ll do not wish to limit nrvscll" to tbc e.'aet method otl carrying out these operations. but desire to cover the method ot surveying as broadly as possible within the scope of the appended claims,

Having thusI described my invention, claim as new and desire to secure, by Let'- l. ln a device ot' thc class dcscribed,`tlw combination with a buoyant supporting member. ot a sight member suspended from said supporting member.

2. In a device ot' the class described, the combination with a buoyant supporting member. ot means for securing said supporting member, and a sight member connected to said supportingmember.

Eijln a device ot the 'class described, the combination with an aerial support, of

tdi

les

means tor constraining said support, and a sight member connected to said aerial sup-l port'. .y

Il. In n device ot the class described, the combination with au aerial support, of a ,sighty member connected to said support, and one or more sight points on said sight. member.

5. Tn n device ot thc class described, the combination with an aerial support, ot a sight member connected to said support, and one or more spherical sight points conn'ectcd to said sight. member.

t'. ln a'device ot' tbc class describcdt.he combiluttion with a support, ot' a sight meub 'ber suspended from said support, and a plurality of sight points on said sight member, one of said sight points being relatively heavy, to impart steadiness to said sight member.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination with an aerial support, of means for tying' said aerial support at one or more pontsto the ground, and a sight member connected to said aerial support. at one or more points.-

8. In a device of the class described, the combination With a balloon adapted to float in the air, of means for securing said balloon in a predetermined position, and a sight member suspended -from said balloon and haXffing one or more sight points thereon.

9. In a device of the class described, the combination with a balloon having a dovvnwardly converging taper, of means Jfor securing said balloon, and a sight member connected to said balloon.

.10. In a device of the class described, the

combination with an aerial support, of ai threefpoint securing means for said support, and a sight member connected to said support.. l

11. In a device of the class described, the combination with an aerial support, of means for securing said support, a sight member, and a threepoint connection between said aerial support and said sight member.

I 12. In a device of the class described, the combination with an aerial support, of a three-point securing means for said support, a sight member, and a three-point connection meansbetween said sight member and said support.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of tivo subscribing` Witnesses.

MARIO W. TEBYRQ.

Witnesses D. MULQUEEN, F. A. NYs'roN. 

